Love Travelling Blog

Travel diaries providing inspiration for planning the perfect trip

Kremlin, Moscow

Our Moscow adventure

Posted by

·

,

The thought of standing in a snow carpeted Red Square on a cold winter’s day seemed appealing, so we booked a few days in Moscow.  It’s necessary to obtain a visa before arriving in Russia and this can dissuade potential visitors from travelling.  To help demystify the process I’ll explain how we went about it.

Ibis Heathrow Central
Festive cheer at the Ibis Heathrow Central

After booking our flights, we then looked for suitable hotels.  A hotel voucher / confirmation is required as part of the visa application with some hotels charging around £15 per person for this document but we found that the Holiday Inn offered this service free of charge.  On completing our hotel reservation we emailed the hotel who sent us the confirmation by return.  The next step was to complete the online visa application form which can be submitted up to six months before departure, details can be found here.

Check-in zone, Terminal 5, Heathrow Airport
Check-in zone, Terminal 5, Heathrow Airport

The form is quite lengthy with many questions and does turn into something of a memory test though, asking you to list countries visited in the last ten years.  Once this form has been completed and printed off, a recent passport sized photo needs to be attached and then these documents must be taken along with a passport to one of the VFS offices within the next 30 days (London, Manchester or Edinburgh in the U.K.).  As they are only open week days it’s inconvenient but fortunately we happened to be in London mid week during August so were able to submit our applications there.

BA Gate at Heathrow Airport
Waiting at the gate for our flight

The London office is located a few minutes walk from the Barbican underground station and we arrived at 8.45 a.m. shortly after it opened hoping that it wouldn’t be too busy then.  It took around 20 minutes before a clerk checked our paperwork, took our fingerprints and requested an extortionate £118.20 each made up of £70 for a single entry visa, £38.40 service charge and £9.80 for returning the passport one week later.  I assume a similar procedure is necessary to obtain Russian visas from other countries and hope this information may be useful.

On board the British Airways A321 airliner
On board the British Airways A321 airliner

As our flight to Moscow was a 10.15 a.m. departure from London Heathrow we travelled down the previous afternoon, spending the night at the Ibis Heathrow Central.  Passengers can travel free on buses in the Heathrow travel zone which serves several hotels saving the standard £1.50 fare.  This includes a stop just around the corner from the Ibis on the north eastern boundary.

Untitled
Snack meal served on board BA flight between Heathrow and Moscow

Our room was very comfortable and we enjoyed a good night’s sleep before heading off to the airport.  We were again able to enjoy free travel to Heathrow’s bus station, and from there caught the Heathrow Express over to Terminal 5 which is free to use between terminals.  Checking in for our British Airways flight to Moscow was quick and after passing through security we were soon enjoying an airside breakfast in the Giraffe cafe on the upper floor of the terminal building.

Sokolniki Station sign Moscow Metro
Sokolniki Station sign in Cyrillic
Moscow Metro
Travelling on the Moscow Metro

Our flight, on board an A321 airliner boarded promptly but we were then held on the stand whilst waiting for the wings to be de-iced.  Following this procedure, we were soon underway just 20 minutes behind schedule.  The aircraft had numerous empty seats and we were fortunate to have one next to us, enabling us to spread out a little.  In our World Traveller cabin, seats were equipped with blankets, cushions and headphones and there was a reasonable selection of films to watch.

Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow
Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow

Although complimentary refreshments are no longer served on BA short haul flights, they are provided on flights to and from Moscow.  A drinks trolley came round thirty minutes after take off and I settled down with a gin and tonic whilst watching the film Dunkirk.  A little later, a snack box comprising a tasty falafel and houmous wrap plus a Toblerone chocolate bar was served with a choice of hot and cold drinks.  After viewing Dunkirk, I felt a little sleepy so listened to some festive music before touching down in Moscow’s Domodedovo airport at 5.30 p.m.  The flight time was four hours plus a three hour time adjustment.

Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow
Reception desk at Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow

Landing cards are not required as passengers should have valid visas for entering Russia and although we had printed out a copy of our hotel confirmation this was not needed to be shown at Border Control which we passed through without delay.

Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow
Festive decorations hung on our door

After leaving the Baggage Reclaim Hall, our first task was to obtain some Roubles from an ATM which did not charge for withdrawals.  Being in possession of some cash we left the terminal building in search of the bus station from where we caught the shuttle bus (No.308) to the nearest metro station at Domodedovskaya.  This bus runs every few minutes and costs 120 Roubles (£1.50).  The service is excluded from the Moscow Metro travel pass and must be paid in cash.  The bus was smaller than expected with little room for bulky luggage so the driver piled suitcases around his seat for the 35 minute journey.

Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow
Our room at the Holiday Inn Sokolniki

It was below freezing and snowing heavily as we pulled our suitcases along to the Domodedovskaya metro station entrance.  The majority of Moscow’s metro stations do not have lifts with many only having step access, so be prepared to heave luggage up and down flights of steps whilst in transit to and from the airport.  We bought 7 day travel passes which cost 800 Roubles (£10) each providing excellent value for travel by metro, trolley-bus, bus, train and monorail.  The ticket office staff did not speak English but by pointing to the required ticket and using hand gestures to explain the number needed, we had no problems and were able to pay by credit card.  Station names are written in Cyrillic so its a good idea to have a metro map showing both the English and Cyrillic station names to help navigate the system.  A copy of the metro map can be found here.

Holiday Inn Sokolniki, Moscow
Christmas tree in the hotel’s atrium

The Moscow metro is extremely efficient with trains running at up to 90 second intervals.  Although busy, we managed to get seats on the train and there was just enough room to stand our luggage in front of us for the journey to Teatralnaya.  From there, we transferred via an underground walkway to the neighbouring Oxhotny Ryad station for the journey to Sokolniki where our hotel was located.  The Moscow metro fare system is single zone with a flat rate fare payable for either short or longer journeys.  For that reason passengers only need to tap in to stations, the travel card / ticket not being needed to exit stations.  It was pleasing to immediately see our hotel, the Holiday Inn Sokolniki across the road so we were soon indoors where it was warm and cosy.

Sokolniki, Moscow
A snowy Sokolniki outside our hotel

There were no other guests waiting to check in and we were pleasantly surprised to be informed that we had been complimentarily upgraded to an executive room on the uppermost (23rd) floor for our five night stay.  Festive decorations were hanging from our door and there was a Christmas tree at the end of the corridor.  Our room was spacious with a large balcony but at sub-zero temperatures it was unlikely that we would find it very useful.  As it was quite late we decided to stay local and explore the surrounding area and find somewhere for dinner, leaving exploring central Moscow until the next day.

If you have enjoyed reading this post you may also like:

Moscow’s most beautiful metro stations

Moscow Lubyanka district


Share this:

Advertisements

114 responses to “Our Moscow adventure”

  1. coolkidmama Avatar

    Serious bucket list envy! Thank you for giving tips on visa as that did scare us away from Kaliningrad recently….

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Moscow is absolutely gorgeous and surprisingly inexpensive when you get there. The visa process is quite straightforward and although it seems a lot of money, I’d definitely do it all again! Do let me know if you need more advice.

      Like

  2. Timothy Avatar

    Ah Moscow! I want to go, but dread the visa hassle. Also, Russia doesn’t like me for some rainbowy reason. I did visit Saint Petersburg. On a cruise, you can get a special visa when you do a guided tour ad don’t leave that tour. https://tripbytrip.org/2018/07/31/two-day-tour-of-saint-petersburg-in-russia/

    So I’m conflicted about Moscow.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      It’s a bit of a hassle sorting out the visa with having to attend in person, but it’s worth it as Moscow is amazing – especially at Christmas!

      Liked by 1 person

      1. Timothy Avatar

        I’m not sure I want to experience the cold 😀

        Like

  3. BriebearInternational Avatar

    I’m heading to Moscow in December and I am so excited! Looking forward to reading your other posts about Russia.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      You will absolutely love Moscow. We were there the second week of December and the Christmas festivities were underway in Red Square. Surprisingly, we found everything to be less expensive than what we had expected especially the Christmas Market. Have a great time!

      Like

      1. BriebearInternational Avatar

        Oh that’s great news. Thanks!

        Liked by 1 person

  4. Aaron Shade Avatar

    We have always been fascinated with Russia. It looks like you picked the perfect time to go. Perhaps reading this series will help motivate us for a future trip.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for letting me know that you have enjoyed my series of posts on Moscow. I hope they inspire you to visit Russia one day.

      Like

  5. abbas3rddaughter Avatar
    abbas3rddaughter

    Thank you for sharing, not only is the pictures helpful, but so is the detail information getting visas and traveling between countries. I suppose I should do the same for my travels to Africa. You have given me a great incentive! Appreciate all you shared with us on your journey!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words regarding my posts on Moscow. It’s so nice to read that you have found them of interest.

      Like

  6. Sarah M Avatar

    I never realised the visa was so expensive. I’ve never been; just one of those places I’ve never been quite motivated enough to go to but it does look so interesting.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Moscow is a very interesting city and although obtaining the visa was tedious, we thought it was worth the time and effort.

      Like

  7. She Said What Avatar

    Great tips! I want to go. 🙂

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you, I hope you have an opportunity to visit Moscow soon.

      Like

  8. denisebrownell Avatar
    denisebrownell

    Lots of tips in this post! I know I left the Visa application to the last minute on our recent trip to St Petersburg. Luckily we did not require one as long as we toured with Viking Cruises. We usually like to venture on our own, but this time we stuck with the group tours.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you Denise for getting in touch. I’m pleased you are finding my series of posts on Moscow of interest and I’m certain you had a great visit to Russia on your cruise.

      Liked by 1 person

  9. roundtheworld2018 Avatar

    Finally picked up our Russia visas yesterday for our upcoming RTW trip. Extortionate is right! Americans are pushed to take the multi-entry option, which jumps the cost to US$330. And then there is the fee to fix any issues that may pop up, an additional US$30. Your series on Moscow is outstanding, and will prove very helpful, I’m sure.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words, getting such inspiring comments on my posts is much appreciated. Have a brilliant time!

      Liked by 1 person

  10. morgocon Avatar
    morgocon

    What a terrific post-thank you! Did quite a bit of international travel in my youth, but more lately have discovered my own country is huge and will probably fulfil my exploration needs until check out time. If I ever do decide to do more globe trotting, you will be a “go to” resource, and in the meanwhile will enjoy vicariously sharing your world adventures. Have fun, but stay safe and be well!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you so much for your inspiring thoughts on my blog. Its so nice to read that you are enjoying reading my posts.

      Like

  11. LeilaPiazza Avatar

    Great post! I love how much practical information you give! My kids and I had eight and ten hour layovers in the Moscow airport back in 2007. We wanted to see some of Moscow but had absolutely no idea how to get around! I hope to return someday and spend some time there. I look forward to reading about the rest of your trip.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thanks Leila for making contact. It’s lovely to hear from you and I’m pleased to read you are enjoying my posts on Moscow. I hope you have an opportunity to visit before too long.

      Like

      1. LeilaPiazza Avatar

        Maybe…I’m planning a trip to Syria this summer to visit family. I may be able to make a stopover for a few days on the way home. If not, I’ll be able to visit Italy or Germany or Austria. Lots of good choices!

        Liked by 1 person

  12. kyadventurestories Avatar
    kyadventurestories

    Thank you for your post! I loved the information you put in it!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      It’s my pleasure, it’s so nice to read that you enjoyed reading about my visit to Moscow.

      Like

  13. Sartenada Avatar

    I love the information, which You gave in this post. BTW, have You been in Saint Petersburg? It is also worth for a visit.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      I have only spent a day n St. Petersburg. Once we took the one day cruise from Helsinki but it was an extremely hot July day and very crowded so we didn’t see it at its best. Hopefully we will return for longer next time.

      Liked by 1 person

  14. Hike Cycle Ireland (Martin) Avatar

    An interesting and informative post. Good tip about the Holiday Inn not charging the hotel confirmation fee. The visa admin fees are crazy though but worth it I’m sure.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for taking an interest in my Moscow posts Martin. I don’t know why Russia charges so much for visas as it must put lots off people off visiting – but I have to say that it was worth it in the end!

      Like

  15. lincolnlifesite Avatar

    I LOVED YOUR MOSCOW ADVENTURE, I AM LOOKING FORWARD TO READING OTHER ADVENTURES OF YOURS.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for taking an interest in my Moscow posts. Wishing you a Happy New Year!

      Liked by 1 person

      1. lincolnlifesite Avatar

        THEY WERE REALLY GREAT, AND HAPPY NEW YEAR TO YOU

        Liked by 1 person

  16. Orphee Way Avatar

    Awesome report! Good job girl! Really nice pictures! I think this is the most informative and detailed Moscow review I have ever read! Keep writing, keep blogging!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your much appreciated thoughts on my Moscow posts, it means a lot to know that you are enjoying reading my blog.

      Like

  17. The Snow Melts Somewhere Avatar

    Great report, Marion, and I’m sure this information will be useful for many! 🙂 This reminds me of travel before the EU and the euro 😀 And this is also the reason why I’ve never visited Russia though I’d love to go to St Petersburg for a short whirl and in theory, on the map, it’s so close. But we need visas too… there’s an option to go without (by ferry) but it seems a bit scary – what if you need sudden medical treatment and don’t have a visa, or if there’s a storm and the boat can’t leave for the return journey, etc. I’m a planner, so I can’t help thinking of all the possibilities. Anyway, can’t wait to read more about your trip!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for taking the time to read my Moscow posts. Getting the visa was quite an effort but was soon forgotten with such a memorable trip. I was surprised at how inexpensive costs were in Moscow as when we visited St. Petersburg for the day about 7 years ago it was quite expensive. We went to St. Petersburg visa free by boat from Helsinki but only had a day there which wasn’t long enough.

      Liked by 1 person

  18. SueT唐 梦 琇 Avatar

    Looking forward to the rest of your trip Marion; sounds great so far. Hope you had a very merry Christmas and wishing you fabulous travels for 2018.

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      I’m sure you are having an amazing Christmas in Africa. Just a bit warmer than Moscow I suspect ! Happy New Year, Marion

      Like

  19. kktravelfreak Avatar

    Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!!! Keep Exploring the world and sharing it too!!! Cheers

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Hope you are also having a good Christmas and best wishes for a Happy New Year

      Like

  20. nannygrannie Avatar

    Stunning. Can’t wait to hear more of this amazing adventure!

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your much appreciated thoughts. I hope you enjoy the rest of my Moscow series!

      Like

  21. Aman Thakur Avatar
    Aman Thakur

    Nice…😊

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you Aman. So pleased you enjoyed my post.

      Like

      1. Aman Thakur Avatar
        Aman Thakur

        You are welcome…and you can visit my blog too…😊

        Liked by 1 person

  22. higginsmj Avatar

    Looking forward to reading more about your Moscow adventure! Merry Christmas!

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for taking an interest in my Moscow posts. Hope you are having a Merry Christmas too!

      Liked by 1 person

  23. Sandra@Just Regular Folks Wandering Avatar

    Looking forward to reading more about your Moscow adventure. Happy holidays!

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you. Hope you have a lovely Christmas!

      Liked by 1 person

  24. Suvi Avatar

    Ooh so excited to follow your Moscow trip. I’ve been wanting to go for ages but can’t be bothered with the visa process.. Happy Christmas ❤️

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Moscow was great but been whizzing around since trying to prepare for a Christmas. Have a lovely Christmas Day Suvi x

      Liked by 1 person

  25. grasbie Avatar

    What an interesting city to be in over Christmas! I hope that you have a fabulous time and look forward to your insights.

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you making contact! Hope you enjoy the rest of my Moscow series. Happy Christmas!

      Like

  26. Julia Luedtke Avatar

    Thank you for this intersting post!
    Merry Christmas to you, too.
    Julia

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you Julia, Happy Christmas

      Like

  27. pdclews Avatar

    Sounds fantastic. Have a great trip and Merry Christmas

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words. Merry Christmas!

      Like

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your inspiring thoughts!

      Like

  28. ianscyberspace Avatar

    I’ve never visited Russia in my travels so will follow your discoveries with interest. The application form for visa is fairly onerous so I’ll let you be the one to report and see it through your eyes.

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thanks for taking an interest in the start of my Russian series Ian. Best wishes for a Happy Christmas!

      Liked by 1 person

  29. Blue Sue Avatar

    Very informative. If I ever get to visit Russia, I’ll have to re-read it. 🙂

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thanks Sue, I hope you get an opportunity to visit Russia one day!

      Like

  30. tanjabrittonwriter Avatar

    Enjoy your wintry holidays! 🎄

    Liked by 2 people

  31. Susan at FindingNYC Avatar

    Sounds like the beginning of a very interesting trip, Marion. I look forward to reading more about it. And in the meantime, I wish you and your family a very Merry Christmas!

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thanks Susan, Merry Christmas to you as well!

      Like

  32. haisacalatorimsite Avatar
    haisacalatorimsite

    Have a cool holiday in Moscow! You will have a lot to visit and to taste traditional food.

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your good wishes and for your much appreciated thoughts

      Liked by 1 person

  33. ThingsHelenLoves Avatar
    ThingsHelenLoves

    This is a dream destination for me, I shall look forward to reading your next post. Wishing you a Happy Christmas and all the best for the New Year!

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words. I do hope you get an opportunity to visit Moscow soon. Happy Christmas

      Like

  34. starthere.travel Avatar
    starthere.travel

    Looks like a great adventure. I look forward to seeing how it goes!

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your much appreciated thoughts. Happy Christmas!

      Like

  35. authensible1357 Avatar
    authensible1357

    Looks like you are off to a great start. I love all the details you share.

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for taking the time to comment and so pleased to read you enjoyed this post

      Like

  36. Marie Rogers Avatar

    Thanks for this helpful information. Have a good visit and Merry Christmas!

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you, I’m pleased you have found this useful. Merry Christmas!

      Liked by 1 person

  37. luciaandclara Avatar

    Merry Chrstmas~ Have a good holiday

    Liked by 2 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you so much! Happy Christmas to you both as well!

      Like

  38. teacherfish Avatar

    Impressive! Especially the part about using the metro. As someone who has spent a lifetime commuting on the NYC subways I was very anxious about the Moscow Metro, where many of the stations only had Cyrillic writing, and that was in summer without luggage. Thanks for sharing. Enjoy the holidays!

    Liked by 4 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your much appreciated comments. We loved using the Moscow metro, more to come soon!

      Like

  39. SophThornton Avatar

    I’d love to go to Russia- its a place that has always intrigued me. A very Christmasy feel to the post as well 🙂 x

    Liked by 4 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words. Moscow was beautiful, especially just before Christmas with all its decorations and snow!

      Liked by 1 person

      1. SophThornton Avatar

        I’ll have to add it to my list! Glad you enjoyed it!

        Liked by 1 person

  40. Streets of Nuremberg Avatar

    Wow, what and adventure, thanks for taking is along! Can you believe that I never made it to Moscow? Happy Holidays to you and yours! Marcus

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thanks Marcus! Moscow in winter is gorgeous!

      Liked by 1 person

  41. Yolkava Avatar

    I like the sound of being upgraded to a more premier room, it was probably empty… The whole hotel.

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Yes, it probably was very quiet but it was still a nice bonus to get an upgrade!

      Like

  42. ms6282 Avatar

    A cool holiday in both senses of the word! ❄️ ❄️ ❄️

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you! Moscow was lovely.

      Like

  43. restlessjo Avatar

    What a way to finish! I can’t wait for more. 🙂 🙂 It’s a place I’d love to visit but I had no idea they made it so difficult. No wonder you were the only ones at check in. I was surprised that you collected your roubles in Russia rather than in advance, but as it didn’t cost I guess that makes sense. Are you still there at present, Marion? Wishing you a fabulous Christmas and health and happiness in 2018.

    Liked by 4 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thanks Jo for your kind wishes. We are now back home, I’ve been whizzing around since returning, trying to get organised for Christmas. Nearly everything done! Have a great time xx

      Liked by 1 person

  44. thewonderer86 Avatar

    Enjoy! And a happy Christmas to you too. Looking forward to hearing more about Moscow.

    Liked by 4 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you. We got our wish for snow and had a lovely pre Christmas break. I hope you enjoy the rest of the series!

      Liked by 1 person

  45. PoetSpeak Avatar

    Thanks for this. It was very interesting. I would be tempted to learn some Russian before embarking on this holiday!

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words. We managed fine without any knowledge of Russian but in the metro it was quite confusing.

      Like

  46. Jeanny Ituralde Avatar
    Jeanny Ituralde

    snow ❤

    Liked by 4 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Yes we saw a lot of snow Jeanny! Just as we had hoped.

      Liked by 1 person

      1. Jeanny Ituralde Avatar
        Jeanny Ituralde

        it’s so cool.. I’d like to see snow someday.

        Liked by 1 person

        1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

          I hope you get an opportunity soon !

          Liked by 1 person

          1. Jeanny Ituralde Avatar
            Jeanny Ituralde

            Thank you Ms. marion. to more travels

            Liked by 1 person

  47. spleendingo Avatar

    Wow, Russia!! Quite the adventure, I’m sure. I agree that the price for the visa is a bit outrageous though. But, still, visiting Russia sounds exciting and I can’t wait to read about it! Have a great holiday! 😃✌

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Little Miss Traveller Avatar

      Thank you for your kind words. I hope you enjoy reading this series of posts on Moscow!

      Like

Leave a comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.